Tuhan atau Tuan? Istilah mana yang merupakan terjemahan yang benar untuk "Adonai" dan "Kurios"?
Tuhan or Tuan? Which term is the correct translation of "Adonai" and "Kurios"?
Video berikut akan menarik bagi penutur bahasa Indonesia. Sayangnya, ini tidak tersedia dalam bahasa Inggris.
The following video will be of interest to Indonesian speakers. Unfortunately, it is not available in English.
Memang benar bahwa istilah "Tuhan" telah berevolusi mengandung makna "God." Dan benar juga bahwa "tuan" berarti "lord" (perhatikanlah bahwa saya tidak memulai "tuan" dengan huruf kapital). Jadi kalau "God" diterjemahkan menjadi "Tuhan," dan "Lord" diterjemahkan menjadi "Tuan," maka tidak perlu lagi kata asing. Ini tampak seperti solusi sempurna, tetapi sebaliknya menimbulkan kesalahan doktrinal yang serius.
It is true that the term "Tuhan" has evolved into containing the meaning "God." And it is also true that "tuan" means "lord" (notice that I did not capitalize "tuan"). So, if "God" were translated as "Tuhan," and "Lord" were translated as "Tuan," then no foreign word would be needed. This looks like a perfect solution, but instead introduces a serious doctrinal error.
Bacalah dengan seksama definisi tuan yang diberikan oleh kamus resmi pemerintah Indonesia (Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia):
Read carefully the definitions of tuan given by the official Indonesian government regulated dictionary (Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia):
orang tempat mengabdi, sebagai lawan kata hamba, abdi, budak: anjing itu sangat setia kepada -- nya;
a person to serve, as opposed to slave, servant, slave: the dog is very loyal to his master;
orang yang memberi pekerjaan; majikan; kepala (perusahaan dan sebagainya); pemilik atau yang empunya (toko dan sebagainya): hari ini -- saya tidak ada di kantor;
the person who gives the job; one who gives work; head (of company and so on); head (company, etc.); owner or owner (of store and so on): today my boss is not in the office;
orang laki-laki (yang patut dihormati): ada seorang -- datang kemari; sepeda -- , sepeda untuk orang laki-laki;
a man (who deserves respect): there is an honorable man come here; an honorable man's bicycle, a bicycle for an honorable man;
sebutan kepada orang laki-laki bangsa asing atau sebutan kepada orang laki-laki yang patut dihormati: -- haji; -- sayid;
a term for a male foreigner or a term for a male person who deserves respect: hajj (a man who has made the pilgramage to Meca); sayid (an Arab decendent of Mohammad).
designation for a noble woman (king's daughter and so on): princess;
(a) persona orang kedua laki-laki (engkau atau -mu yang takzim): -- hendak ke mana? inilah sepeda --; (b) persona orang kedua perempuan (engkau atau -mu yang takzim): tidak sampai hati Kakanda melepaskan -- berjalan seorang diri;
(a) male second person (respectful you or yours): where do you want to go? this is your bicycle; (b) female second person (respectful your or yours): until you let go of Kakanda's heart you'll be walking alone;
Perhatikanlah dalam definisi-definisi di atas bahwa tidak ada penyebutan "God" dalam definisi yang mana pun. Hal itu dikarenakan dalam bahasa Indonesia modern tuan hanya digunakan untuk orang-orang biasa. Kata untuk "Lord" ketika mengacu pada "God" adalah Tuhan.
Notice in the above definitions that there is no mention of God in any of the definitions. That is because in modern Indonesian tuan is only used for ordinary people. The word for "Lord" when referring to "God" is Tuhan."
FAKTA PENTING: "Tuhan" awalnya berarti "Lord", bukan "God."
IMPORTANT FACT: "Tuhan" originally meant "Lord," not "God."
Kata Tuhan dalam bahasa Melayu berasal dari kata tuan. Buku pertama yang memberi keterangan tentang hubungan kata tuan dan Tuhan adalah Ensiklopedi Populer Gereja oleh Adolf Heuken SJ (1976). Menurut buku tersebut, arti kata Tuhan ada hubungannya dengan kata Melayu tuan yang berarti atasan/penguasa/pemilik. Kata "tuan" ditujukan kepada manusia, atau hal-hal lain yang memiliki sifat menguasai, memiliki, atau memelihara. Digunakan pula untuk menyebut seseorang yang memiliki derajat yang lebih tinggi, atau seseorang yang dihormati. Penggunaannya lumrah digunakan bersama-sama dengan disertakan dengan kata lain mengikuti kata "tuan" itu sendiri, dimisalkan pada kata "tuan rumah" atau "tuan tanah" dan lain sebagainya (dalam bahasa Inggris: Lord). Kata ini biasanya digunakan dalam konteks selain keagamaan yang bersifat ketuhanan.
Ahli bahasa Remy Sylado menemukan bahwa perubahan kata "tuan" yang bersifat insani, menjadi "Tuhan" yang bersifat ilahi, bermula dari terjemahan Alkitab ke dalam bahasa Melayu karya Melchior Leijdecker yang terbit pada tahun 1733. Dalam terjemahan sebelumnya, yaitu kitab suci Nasrani bahasa Melayu beraksara Latin terjemahan Brouwerius yang muncul pada tahun 1668, kata yang dalam bahasa Yunaninya, "Kyrios", dan sebutan yang diperuntukkan bagi Yesus Kristus ini diterjemahkannya menjadi "tuan". Kata yang diterjemahkan oleh Brouwerius sebagai "Tuan"—sama dengan bahasa Portugis "Senhor," Prancis "Seigneur," Inggris "Lord," Belanda "Heere"—melalui Leijdecker berubah menjadi "Tuhan," dan kemudian, penerjemah Alkitab bahasa Melayu melanjutkan penemuan Leijdecker tersebut. Kini kata Tuhan yang awalnya ditemukan oleh Leijdecker untuk mewakili dua pengertian pelik insani dan ilahi dalam teologi Kristen atas sosok Isa Almasih akhirnya menjadi lema khas dalam bahasa Indonesia. (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuhan
The word Tuhan in Malay comes from the word Tuan. The first book that provides information about the relationship between the words tuan and Tuhan is Popular Encyclopedia of the Church by Adolf Heuken SJ (1976). According to the book, the meaning of the word God is related to the Malay word Tuan which means superior/ruler/owner. The word tuan is addressed to humans, or other things that have the nature of controlling, owning, or nurturing. It is also used to refer to someone who has a higher rank, or someone who is respected. It is commonly used together with other words following the word tuan itself, for example in the words "tuan rumah" [host] or "tuan tanah" [landlord] and so on (in English: lord). This word [tuan] is usually used in lordship contexts other than religious ones.
Linguist Remy Sylado discovered that the change in the word "tuan" which is human, to "Tuhan" which is divine, began with the translation of the Bible into Malay by Melchior Leijdecker which was published in 1733. In the previous translation, namely the Malay Christian Bible transliterated to Latin script and translated by Brouwerius which appeared in 1668, the Greek word, "Kyrios," and the title reserved for Jesus Christ, which was translated as Tuan"---was changed by Leijdecker to become Tuhan, and later Malay Bible translators continued Leijdecker's coinage. Now the word "Tuhan," which was originally coined by Leijdecker to represent [one of] the two complex meanings of human and divine in Christian theology regarding the figure of Jesus the Messiah, eventually become a typical entry in the Indonesian language. (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuhan
Seperti yang ditunjukkan di atas, "Tuhan" awalnya berarti "Lord," bukan "God." Tetapi karena baik Brouwerius (pada tahun 1668) maupun Leijdecker (pada 1773) secara salah memilih untuk menerjemahkan θεὸς (Theos [istilah Yunani untuk "God"]) sebagai "Allah," masih belum ada kata yang benar untuk "God" dalam bahasa Indonesia. Namun, karena "Tuhan" begitu erat terkait dengan "Yesus" dan "Bapa yang di Surga" dalam semua terjemahan Alkitab sejak Leijdecker, istilah itu mengambil arti "God" serta "Lord," dalam pikiran orang-orang awam. Jadi, ketika penerjemah Muslim membutuhkan kata untuk God ketika menerjemahkan Al-Quran, beberapa dari mereka memilih "Tuhan," dengan tidak menyadari bahwa Tuhan berarti "Lord," bukan "God." Berikut adalah contoh dari satu terjemahan AlQuran (1.1 M):
Allah, tidak ada Tuhan (yang berhak disembah) melainkan Dia. (Sura 3 Ayat 2)
Perhatikan bahwa mereka TIDAK menerjemahkan ayat itu seperti ini:
Allah, tidak ada Allah (yang berhak disembah) melainkan Dia. (Sura 3 Ayat 2)
Umat Islam tahu bahwa Allah bukanlah kata generik (umum) untuk "God," tetapi adalah nama pribadi "God" mereka.
As shown above, "Tuhan" originally meant "Lord," not "God." But because both Brouwerius (in 1668) and Leijdecker (in 1773) very wrongly chose to translate Θεὸς (Theos [the Greek word for God]) as "Allah," there was still no correct word for "God" in the Indonesian language. However, because "Tuhan" was so closely associated with Jesus and "the Father in Heaven" in all translations of the Bible since Leijdecker, it took on the meaning of "God" as well as "Lord," in the minds of uneducated people. So, when Muslim translators needed a word for "God" when translating the Quran, some of them chose "Tuhan," not realizing that "Tuhan" meant "Lord," not "God." Here is an example from one translation of the Quran (1.1 M):
Allah, there is no Tuhan (worthy to be worshipped) except Him. (Sura 3 Ayat 2)
Note that they did NOT translate that verse like this:
Allah, there is no Allah (worthy to be worshipped) except Him. (Sura 3 Ayat 2)
Muslims know that "Allah" is not a generic word for "God," but is the proper name of their God.
The word "Tuhan" did not exist in the Indonesian language until Melchior Leijdecker coined it in the Bible translation he published in 1733.
The original meaning of "Tuhan" was "Lord," not "God."
Menerjemahkan "Lord" sebagai "Tuan" ketika mengacu pada "God" dan "Yesus" menunjukkan rasa tidak hormat terhadap "God" dan "Yesus" dengan merendahkan status mereka menjadi manusia biasa.
Translating "Lord" as "Tuan" when referring to "God" and "Jesus" shows disrespect for "God" and "Jesus" by lowering them to the status of mere humans.
The fact that Muslim translators did not translate "Lord" as "Tuan" when translating the Quran is important. Instead they used the Arabic word "Raab." Why? Because in Indonesian "Tuan" is used like the word "Mister" is used in English---only for people. To say Tuan Yesus, is like saying Mr. Jesus---very disrespectful. In like manner, Muslims would consider saying Tuan Allah to be very disrespectful.
People who deny the Deity of Christ, hate the translation of "Lord Jesus" as "Tuhan Yesus," (as a Google search will quickly show). Examples: Muslims, Jehovah Witnesses
Therefore, this is an important doctrinal issue. So, in the Indonesian language, "Tuhan," not "Tuan," must be used to translate the word "Lord" when referring to Deity.
Due to the above facts, "Tuhan" is totally eliminated as a proper translation of "God" in an Indonesian Bible translation. Some other word must be used to translate "God."